Performance Indicator Reference Sheet - 1

Name of Result Measured (Goal, DO, IR, sub-IR, Project Purpose, Project Output, etc.): Goal

Name of Indicator:  1. EG.3-a: Daily per capita expenditure in USG-assisted areas

Is this a Performance Plan and Report indicator?  No ___ Yes _X_, for Reporting Year(s) FY17, FY19 and FY21

If yes, link to foreign assistance framework: EG.3: Agriculture - Feed the Future—Key Objective: Inclusive Agricultural Sector Growth

DESCRIPTION

Precise Definition(s):  This indicator measures the daily per capita expenditures of rural households. Data for this indicator must be collected using the Consumption Expenditure methodology of the Living Standards Measurement Survey (LSMS). Missions are encouraged to use the LSMS Integrated Survey in Agriculture Consumption Expenditure module, which has been incorporated in the Feed the Future M&E Guidance Series Volume 8: Population-Based Survey Instrument for Feed the Future ZOI Indicators. Feed the Future will collect consumption-expenditure data to calculate prevalence of poverty and daily per capita expenditures

Expenditures are used instead of income because of the difficulty in accurately measuring income and because expenditure data are less prone to error, easier to recall and are more stable over time than income data.

The daily per capita expenditure figure must be converted to constant 2010 USD. The steps to covert daily per capita expenditure data collected in the country’ local currency units (LCU), e.g. Honduran lempira, Ghana cedis, Tanzania shillings; to constant 2010 USD (2005 PPP adjusted to 2010 US prices) are:

1) Convert LCU at the time of the survey to LCU at 2005 prices, by dividing by the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for the survey month and year (you will need to divide the CPI for the survey month/year by the CPI for 2005 if 2005 is not the base year for the country’s CPI).

2) Convert 2005 LCU to 2005 US$ by dividing by the 2005 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) conversion rate.

3) Convert US$ in 2005 prices to US$ in 2010 prices by multiplying by 111.65, which is the US CPI for 2010.

Unit of Measure: 2010 USD

Disaggregated by: Gendered Household type: Adult Female no Adult Male (FNM), Adult Male no Adult Female (MNF), Male and Female Adults (M&F), Child No Adults (CNA)

Rationale or Justification for indicator (optional): There is a relationship between increased incomes and improved food security, reduced poverty, and improved nutrition. The usefulness of an income proxy methodology derives from the importance of a change in household income and its impact on the overarching Feed the Future goal of reducing poverty and hunger. Thus, measurement of household income (through this proxy) is one logical choice for monitoring the effects of policies and programs oriented towards accomplishing this goal.

PLAN FOR DATA COLLECTION BY AgNRM PROJECT

Data Source: Secondary data if the data were collected within the previous 2 years and a large enough sample was collected from clusters within the ZOI or population-based surveys conducted by M&E contractor in the Feed the Future ZOI

Method of data collection and construction:  Data will be collected from two sources: 1) Baseline data: Upon verification of sample representativeness, the PBS 2015 values will serve as the baseline for AgNRM. The PBS 2015 days is primary data collected via a population-based survey conducted in the ZOI by a Feed the Future Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) contractor, using the country-specific LSMS methodology and the Feed the Future M&E Guidance Series Volume 8: PBS Instrument for Feed the Future ZOI Indicators; and 2) Midterm and Final data: A project-level survey will be designed to collect the midterm and final values, which will be compared to baseline values. The project survey data will be collected using the methodology per FtF M&E guidelines for the indicator.

Reporting Frequency: Baseline, Midterm, and Final

Individual(s) responsible:  M&E Director

DATA QUALITY ISSUES

Dates of Previous Data Quality Assessments and name of reviewer: 

Date of Future Data Quality Assessments (optional): TBD

Known Data Limitations:

TARGETS AND BASELINE

Baseline timeframe (optional):  FY 2017-Quarter (Q) 2

Rationale for Targets (optional): The targets are based on the project budget and level of effort (LOE) the AgNRM will employ in eight CREMA. If necessary, the midterm and final targets may be adjusted after the baseline value is established. AgNRM’s target for this indicator will contribute to USAID|Ghana’s broader FtF target of 20% daily per capita expenditure by implementing a wide array of activities aimed at improving household income levels in CREMA communities.

CHANGES TO INDICATOR

Changes to indicator:  Updated data source to reflect 2016 FTF Indicator Handbook guidance

Other Notes (optional):

THIS SHEET LAST UPDATED ON:  March 10, 2017

Performance Indicator Reference Sheet - 2

Name of Result Measured (Goal, DO, IR, sub-IR, Project Purpose, Project Output, etc.): Outcome

Name of Indicator: 2. EG.10.2-3: Number of people with improved economic benefits derived from sustainable natural resource management and biodiversity conservation as a result of USG assistance

Is this a Performance Plan and Report indicator?  No ___ Yes _X_, for Reporting Year(s) FY17, FY18, FY19, FY20 and FY21

If yes, link to foreign assistance framework: Economic Growth (EG); Program Area: Environment (EG.10); Program Element: Biodiversity (EG.10.2)

DESCRIPTION

Precise Definition(s): This indicator measures the number of individuals that experience measurable economic benefits for protecting and stewarding natural resources.

Increased economic benefits include wages, communal revenues, non-cash benefits, and economic benefits. Non-cash benefits include land certificates, improved ownership and access to natural resources, timber, firewood, non-timber forest products, and access to water services. Economic benefits include increased earnings provided for management of natural resources including payments for ecosystem services, wages or stipends, communal revenues, village funds, or access to credit.

Sustainable natural resources management is the management of the use and protection of natural resources in order for communities to meet their present economic, social and cultural needs for future use. This includes activities that promote enhance management of natural resources for one or more objectives such as conserving biodiversity, sustaining soil or water resources, mitigating climate change, accessing to non-timber forests products and sustainable livelihoods.

Number of people, determined by multiplying number of households with increased economic benefits by the number of people per household.

Unit of Measure: Number of People

Disaggregated by:  Sex (Male and Female),

Rationale or Justification for indicator (optional): This indicator links sustainable natural resource management and conservation to economic growth, social development, and long-term incentives for local communities to manage natural resources and maintain ecosystem services.

PLAN FOR DATA COLLECTION BY AgNRM PROJECT

Data Source: Collected via direct observation and/or beneficiary sample survey methods, using estimates in some cases to approximate across households

Method of data collection and construction: Beneficiary sample surveys that will seek the opinion of beneficiaries, whether or not their respective household has benefited economically from improved management or conservation of natural resources in their communities. 

Reporting Frequency: Annually

Individual(s) responsible:  M&E Director

DATA QUALITY ISSUES

Dates of Previous Data Quality Assessments and name of reviewer: 

Date of Future Data Quality Assessments (optional):TBD

Known Data Limitations: Number of people with economic benefits does not indicate the actual or relative size of the benefit, which may be a cash or non-cash benefit. Validity is good, integrity is high, reliability and timeliness are reasonable. Precision is variable across projects but should be consistent within projects.

TARGETS AND BASELINE

Baseline timeframe (optional):

Rationale for Targets (optional):  The targets are based on the overall project budget and LOE that the AgNRM project will invest across all four project outcomes, implemented in eight target CREMA. Targets may need to be revised once the final eight target CREMA are selected due to variations in CREMA populations.

CHANGES TO INDICATOR

Changes to indicator:  Updated indicator name to reflect updated indicator master list

Other Notes (optional):

THIS SHEET LAST UPDATED ON:  March 10, 2017

Performance Indicator Reference Sheet - 3

Name of Result Measured (Goal, DO, IR, sub-IR, Project Purpose, Project Output, etc.): Outcome

Name of Indicator:  3. Number of households demonstrating improvement in score on resilience index

Is this a Performance Plan and Report indicator?  No _X_   Yes ___

If yes, link to foreign assistance framework:

DESCRIPTION

Precise Definition(s):  USAID defines resilience as “the ability of people, households, communities, countries, and systems to mitigate, adapt to, and recover from shocks and stresses in a manner that reduces chronic vulnerability and facilitates inclusive growth”.  A household is resilient when it can continue essential functions while under stress, adapt to physical, social, and economic context changes, and be self-reliant. Shocks can be widely experienced and shared (covariate shock) or affecting only one household (idiosyncratic shock). Resilience is a process rather than a static state, and this indicator will take snapshots of a representative sample of households to capture changes to their resilience over the life of the project.

Household is defined as any family/persons living together who eat from the same pot and share the same housekeeping arrangement: Man, Wife, Children and other relatives not necessarily blood related (Source: Ghana Statistical Service (GSS)).

Shocks that the households in the project area may experience include changes to the macroeconomic environment including inflation, or individual level changes and losses of income, environmental and climate shocks such as drought, floods, and bushfires, health shocks including HIV/AIDS and nutritional deficiencies. This indicator does not track shocks, but they may be noted in project reporting.

The Ag/NRM project uses a resilience framework that examines the absorptive capacity, which leads to increased stability (ability to minimize exposure through preventative measures and coping strategies) and adaptive capacity, which increases flexibility (being able to make informed choices based on an understanding of changing conditions). Transformative capacity, which focuses on the governance mechanisms and policies that create an enabling environment for systemic change is also important but is not examined in this limited framework. The project framework focuses on four primary areas of resilience:

• Livelihoods
• Land and natural resources
• Social Capital
• Food security and water systems

The resilience indicator (RI) uses an index to measure household ability to adapt to, and recover from shocks and stresses to reduce chronic vulnerability and facilitate inclusive growth. The index contains sub-indicators that cut across the AgNRM project outcomes. The resilience index assesses changes in factors that influence how households are affected by shocks and stresses (vulnerability), and changes that affect how quickly households are able to recover and adapt (resilience). The table below shows the sub-indicators. Wherever feasible the RI incorporates indicators that are also used to measure outcome progress.

The unit of measure is the number of households showing an increase in resilience based on the index. The resilience index will use a household survey administered at initial contact with each project beneficiary. A panel sample of individuals, as representatives of households, will be reassessed annually to track change. 

Unit of Measure: Individuals

Disaggregated by: Sex and gendered household type: Adult Female no Adult Male (FNM), Adult Male no Adult Female (MNF), Male and Female Adults (M&F), Child No Adults (CNA)

Rationale or Justification for indicator (optional):

PLAN FOR DATA COLLECTION BY AgNRM PROJECT

Data Source: Household survey in targeted CREMAs

Method of data collection and construction: Data for this indicator will be collected for all beneficiaries in the eight target CREMAs participating in the AgNRM activities using an individual enrollment survey. A follow-up panel survey will be conducted on a stratified sample of all participants and compared to baseline value.

Reporting Frequency:  Baseline at beneficiary reenrollment starting in FY17 Q3, follow-up survey in FY18 and annually thereafter.

Individual(s) responsible: M&E Director

DATA QUALITY ISSUES

Dates of Previous Data Quality Assessments and name of reviewer: 

Date of Future Data Quality Assessments (optional): TBD

Known Data Limitations: There may be factors external to the project that may improve or lessen resilience. The indicator does not track shocks.

TARGETS AND BASELINE

Baseline timeframe (optional): Baseline surveys will be conducted on a rolling basis as individuals enroll in one or more project activities.

Rationale for Targets (optional):  The targets are based on the overall project budget and level of effort across the four project outcomes in eight target CREMA. Targets may need to be revised once the final eight target CREMA are selected due to variations in CREMA populations and number of households.

CHANGES TO INDICATOR

Changes to indicator:  The indicator has been substantively modified from the approved June 2016 M&E Plan. Sub-indicators have been changed and the update frequency has been changed to annual. Methodology has also been modified.

Other Notes (optional):

THIS SHEET LAST UPDATED ON:  December 5, 2018

Performance Indicator Reference Sheet - 4

Name of Result Measured (Goal, DO, IR, sub-IR, Project Purpose, Project Output, etc.): Output

Name of Indicator: 4. EG.5.2-1: Number of firms receiving United States Government-funded technical assistance for improving business performance

Is this a Performance Plan and Report indicator?  No ___Yes _X_, for Reporting Year(s) FY17, FY18, FY19, FY20, and FY21

If yes, link to foreign assistance framework:  EG.5.2 Feed the Future—IR 2: Expanding Markets and Trade/Sub-IR 2.4: Improved access to business development and sound and affordable financial and risk management services

DESCRIPTION

Definition:

Firms can be formal or informal. If multiple owners, managers or workers in a single firm receive technical assistance over the reporting period, the reporting operating unit should count that as one benefiting firm for the reporting period.

Technical assistance includes the transfer of knowledge and/or expertise by way of staff, formal or informal skills training, and research work to support quality of program implementation and impact, support administration, management, representation, publicity, policy development and capacity building. The technical assistance should have the explicit goal of improving business performance in terms of profit and revenue or employment through improving management or workers’ generic financial or management practices, or industry or market-specific knowledge and practices. Technical assistance includes both human and institutional resources.

Technical assistance does not include financial assistance. United States Government (USG) funding: For the purpose of this indicator, OUs can count technical assistance that was delivered in full or in part as a result of USG assistance. This may include providing funds to pay teachers, providing training facilities, or other key contributions necessary to ensure training is delivered. This indicator does not automatically count any course for which the USG helped develop the curriculum, but rather focuses on delivery of capacity-building or courses made possible through full or partial funding or in-kind support from the USG.

Precise Definition:

In the context of Ghana AgNRM, firms include formal (registered) or informal (not registered) profit making entities, e.g. collector groups, processor groups, input suppliers, farmer groups, CREMAs, and exporters.

On the Ghana AgNRM project, qualifying technical assistance includes activities that:

• Facilitate market access and/or relationships between buyers and sellers
• Improve access to inputs and/or technologies that improve productivity or quality
• Introduce new services and products
• Improve planning and management of operations (e.g., budgeting, inventory procedures, etc.)
• Improve infrastructure, e.g., storage, refrigeration
• Introduce access to alternative/new financial options

Unit of Measure: Number

Disaggregated by:

Type of Firms: Formal, informal

Duration: New, continuing

New firms are those that did not receive assistance reportable under this indicator in the previous reporting period; continuing firms are those that received assistance reportable under this indicator in the previous reporting period.  

Rationale or Justification for indicator (optional):

Technical assistance should improve firm productivity, profits and employment, and therefore broad-based economic growth in the host country.

PLAN FOR DATA COLLECTION BY AgNRM PROJECT

Data Source: Activity records, participant training forms,

Method of data collection and construction:  Activity-level,; only those firms receiving trainings/service within the scope of the USG activity in the reporting year

Reporting Frequency: Annually

Individual(s) responsible:  M&E Director

DATA QUALITY ISSUES

Dates of Previous Data Quality Assessments and name of reviewer: 

Date of Future Data Quality Assessments (optional): TBD

Known Data Limitations:

TARGETS AND BASELINE

Baseline timeframe (optional):

Rationale for Targets (optional): Targets are based on the AgNRM project’s projected level of effort of ten (10) technical staff working with multiple types of firms on a wide array of business services, in the eight target CREMAs. Targets may need to be revised once the final eight target CREMA are selected due to variations in CREMA populations and number of firms present. Targets have been adjusted downward since the definition of the indicator has been changed from MSMEs, which includes individuals, to “firms”, which does not count individuals.

CHANGES TO INDICATOR

Changes to indicator: Revised from Standard Indicator 1.4.5.2-37 to new Standard Indicator EG.5.2-1

Other Notes (optional):

THIS SHEET LAST UPDATED ON:  March 10, 2017

Performance Indicator Reference Sheet - 5

Name of Result Measured (Goal, DO, IR, sub-IR, Project Purpose, Project Output, etc.): Output

Name of Indicator:  5. Number of shea producer groups producing shea butter and kernels that meet international exporting standards

Is this a Performance Plan and Report indicator?  No _X_    Yes ___

If yes, link to foreign assistance framework:

DESCRIPTION

Precise Definition(s): A collector/producer group producing high quality shea products that meet international exporting standards.

To be counted under this indicator, the collector/producer group must meet one of the following criteria:

• Documented sales records with international firm (MoUs /Supply Contract Agreement)
• Certificate for meeting “Grade A” Standards (according to GSA Shea Nut Quality Grading Parameters)

1. Less than 8% moisture content
2. Less than 3% Free Fatty Acid
3. Less than 0.4% impurities
4. Greater than 50% oil content

Unit of Measure:  Number of collector/producer groups

Disaggregated by:  Type of buyer (Domestic buyer for export, International buyer for domestic use, International buyer for export), Corridor, District

Rationale or Justification for indicator (optional): Project-assisted groups are able to sell to markets attracting premium price.

PLAN FOR DATA COLLECTION BY AgNRM PROJECT

Data Source: MoUs, supply agreements, contract and sales receipts, standards certificates, sales records, operational records

Method of data collection and construction: Annual survey, review of relevant documentation

Reporting Frequency: Annually

Individual(s) responsible: M&E Director  

DATA QUALITY ISSUES

Dates of Previous Data Quality Assessments and name of reviewer: 

Date of Future Data Quality Assessments (optional): TBD

Known Data Limitations: Standards are key drivers to access international markets where premium prices are paid for quality products. Standards may be obtained but certification processes may not be in place.

TARGETS AND BASELINE

Baseline timeframe (optional): 

Rationale for Targets (optional):  Based on the AgNRM budget and the level of effort planned for strengthening all aspects of the shea value chain, the project expects to work directly with 200 groups to improve the quality of shea nut collection and butter production over the life-of-project, with 150, or 75% of the targeted groups, producing to meet international standards by the end of the project.

CHANGES TO INDICATOR

Changes to indicator:  Clarified language in definition and method of data collection.

Other Notes (optional):

THIS SHEET LAST UPDATED ON:  March 10, 2017

Performance Indicator Reference Sheet - 6

Name of Result Measured (Goal, DO, IR, sub-IR, Project Purpose, Project Output, etc.): Outcome

Name of Indicator:  6. Number of individuals with increased income from targeted Natural Resource Products (NRP)

Is this a Performance Plan and Report indicator?  No _X_ Yes ___

If yes, link to foreign assistance framework:

DESCRIPTION

Precise Definition(s): Increased income includes income earned by individual producers from sales of targeted NRPs. Individuals will include members of AgNRM-supported associations, producer groups, community enterprises, and smallholder producer/processors. Individuals will be counted when they earn income from the sales of targeted NRPs that may include shea, dawadawa, moringa, tamarind and other NRPs.

Unit of Measure:  Individuals

Disaggregated by:  Sex, Targeted product, Corridor, District

Rationale or Justification for indicator (optional): Project-assisted groups are able to sell greater quantities and better quality NRP products on the market.

PLAN FOR DATA COLLECTION BY AgNRM PROJECT

Data Source: Beneficiaries’ sales records and receipts

Method of data collection and construction:  Examination of sales records of collector/producer groups by project staff

Reporting Frequency: Annually

Individual(s) responsible: M&E Director  

DATA QUALITY ISSUES

Dates of Previous Data Quality Assessments and name of reviewer: 

Date of Future Data Quality Assessments (optional): TBD

Known Data Limitations: Poor record keeping among target population and the non-disclosure of income for fear of being taxed.

TARGETS AND BASELINE

Baseline timeframe (optional): 

Rationale for Targets (optional): AgNRM activities focused on accelerated market strengthening activities will increase supply and demand of targeted NRPs. Six (6) full-time technical field agents, along with other project staff will work with 200 collector/producer groups, with an average of 20 members (= 4,000), as well as with buyers, aggregators, processors and exporters on the demand side.

CHANGES TO INDICATOR

Changes to indicator:  Slight change in method of data collection

Other Notes (optional):

THIS SHEET LAST UPDATED ON:  March 10, 2017

Performance Indicator Reference Sheet - 7

Name of Result Measured (Goal, DO, IR, sub-IR, Project Purpose, Project Output, etc.): Outcome

Name of Indicator:  7. Value of sales revenue received by MSMEs from aggregated processed or sold natural resource products (NSP) as a result of USG assistance.

Is this a Performance Plan and Report indicator?  No _X_ Yes ___,

If yes, link to foreign assistance framework:

DESCRIPTION

Precise Definition(s): This indicator counts gross sales value of targeted NRPs that are aggregated, processed or sold. Value will be counted on an annual basis and confirmed through examination of sales/purchase records.

This indicator counts sales of producers groups, and community enterprises. Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are categorized by numbers of employees micro (1-10), small (11-50) and medium (51-100) (parenthesis = number of employees) enterprises). MSMEs include producers (farmers). Producers should be classified as micro, small or medium-enterprise based on the number of Full-Time Equivalent  workers hired (permanent and/or seasonal) during the previous 12 months. If a producer does not hire any permanent or seasonal labor, s/he should be considered a micro-enterprise. To be counted an MSME must have received USG assistance.

Unit of Measure: Value (USD)

Disaggregated by: Targeted Products, Corridor, District

Rationale or Justification for indicator (optional): Value (in US dollars) of purchases from actors of targeted commodities is a measure of the competitiveness of those actors. This measurement also helps track access to markets and progress toward commercialization by subsistence and semi-subsistence actors.

PLAN FOR DATA COLLECTION BY AgNRM PROJECT

Data Source: MSME sales records

Method of data collection and construction: Examination of sales/purchase records of MSMEs by project staff. Beneficiary sample survey of producers. Only MSMEs that receive assistance in a fiscal year will be sampled and surveyed.

Reporting Frequency: Annually

Individual(s) responsible: M&E Director

DATA QUALITY ISSUES

Dates of Previous Data Quality Assessments and name of reviewer: 

Date of Future Data Quality Assessments (optional): TBD

Known Data Limitations:  The absence of proper or adequate record keeping among actors resulting in the under/over counting of sales by MSMEs.

TARGETS AND BASELINE

Baseline timeframe (optional):

Rationale for Targets (optional):  Based on a level of effort of six (6) technical field agents working with over 1000 MSMEs, including individual producers, in eight (8) target CREMAs, to improve the quantity and quality of NRP value chains over the life-of-project. Targets are based on the AgNRM project’s plans to increase the number of beneficiaries each year, along with raising the volume and value of sales across the MSMEs. Targets may need to be revised once the final eight target CREMA are selected due to variations in CREMA populations and number of SMEs.

CHANGES TO INDICATOR

Changes to indicator: 

Other Notes (optional):

THIS SHEET LAST UPDATED ON:  July 24, 2016